{
  "schema": "vpfd-ingredient-v1",
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "Verified Pet Food Data — https://verifiedpetfooddata.com",
  "url": "https://verifiedpetfooddata.com/ingredients/ethoxyquin/",
  "generated": "2026-08-28",
  "ingredient": {
    "id": "ethoxyquin",
    "display_name": "Ethoxyquin",
    "category": "preservative",
    "aliases": [
      "ethoxyquin"
    ],
    "stance": "controversial",
    "evidence_strength": "mixed",
    "note": "A synthetic antioxidant historically used to preserve fats, often in fish-meal ingredients. Regulatory positions diverge: the EU suspended its authorization as a feed additive in 2017 after EFSA could not conclude on its safety, citing an overall lack of data, a possibly mutagenic impurity (p-phenetidine), and a potentially genotoxic metabolite. In the U.S. it remains an approved feed additive, and its maximum level in complete dog food was later lowered to 75 ppm on a voluntary basis. Definitive evidence of harm to dogs at permitted levels is not established.",
    "citations": [
      {
        "source": "EFSA — Ethoxyquin: EFSA safety assessment inconclusive (news release; EU suspended authorization 2017)",
        "year": 2015,
        "url": "https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/press/news/151118"
      },
      {
        "source": "Ethoxyquin: An Antioxidant Used in Animal Feed (International Journal of Food Science, peer-reviewed review)",
        "year": 2013,
        "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4745505/"
      }
    ]
  },
  "prevalence": {
    "corpus_size": 2354,
    "foods_containing": 1,
    "corpus_pct": 0.04,
    "dog_foods": 0,
    "dog_pct": 0,
    "cat_foods": 1,
    "cat_pct": 0.08,
    "in_first_five_ingredients": 0,
    "by_form": {
      "dry": 1
    },
    "priced_foods": 1,
    "counting_note": "Counts what manufacturers print on the label. An ingredient present via another component (e.g. a preservative already in fish meal) need not be declared separately, so this is a floor, not a ceiling. Labels never disclose inclusion rate."
  },
  "foods": [
    {
      "slug": "meow-mix-original-choice",
      "url": "https://verifiedpetfooddata.com/cat/foods/meow-mix-original-choice/",
      "name": "Meow Mix Original Choice",
      "brand": "Meow Mix",
      "species": "cat",
      "form": "dry",
      "ingredient_position": 8,
      "protein_dm_pct": 34.1,
      "est_carbs_dm_pct": 39.8,
      "cost_per_1000kcal": 0.9
    }
  ]
}